What Really Happened in Iran?

It's unfortunate how limited our knowledge of history is. In part, it's because the amount of work involved to be informed. It's impossible to have any depth of understanding by only following media sound bytes. Hence, the importance of reading, but even here you have obfuscation and disinformation taking place so as to mislead. Here's an example.

How many Americans were aware that the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, was put in power by U.S. covert action in the early 50s? How many knew any history at all about the roots of the hostage crisis that took place during the Carter administration? I myself knew nothing about the reasons the Shah had to flee his country. Perhaps the media heads themselves were ignorant, except for those who played the mouthpiece for an American spin on these events.

It wasn't until I read David Haberstam's The Fifties that I learned how the Shah came to power, an early "victory" for the CIA, overthrowing a democratically elected leader whom we (the U.S.) didn't like. 

And why didn't we like him? Because he wanted to keep his country neutral during the Cold War. The U.S. wanted a leader who was pro-U.S.

Here's what Halberstam wrote about the overthrow:

[The coup had] gone so smoothly... because local conditions were favorable.  The Shah's historical legitimacy had proved far more compelling than Mossadegh's popularity, which was shaky at best. But Roosevelt [EdNote: not FDR] sensed that Dulles was not terribly interested in that part of his report.

In fact, even as Roosevelt was briefing the top national security people about Iran, planning was going ahead on the next coup--one that they hoped would topple the leftist government of Jacobo Arbenz in Guatemala. In fact, soon after Roosevelt's return, he was offered the job of running the new covert operation, which confirmed his earlier suspicions about Foster Dulles's eagerness to proceed in this sphere. The success of the coup in Iran, Roosevelt sensed, had provided an irresistible inducement for the Eisenhower administration: It had been quick, painless, and inexpensive. A potential adversary had been taken out with almost ridiculous ease. American newspapers had all carried the cover story, although the press elsewhere and the Iranian people talked openly about the CIA role.

Administration officials had few moral qualms either about their role or about deceiving the American press and people. They saw themselves in an apocalyptic struggle with Communism in which normal rules of fair play did not apply. 
--David Halberstam, The Fifties

* * * 

Earlier this spring I picked up Stephen Kinzer's book All the Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror. The frontispiece sets he tone with this quote by Harry Truman: "There is nothing new in the world except the history you didn't knew."

That pretty much sums it up. 

Kinzer begins his preface with this attention-getting anecdote:

PREFACE
One day I attended a book party for an older Iranian woman who had written her memoirs. She spoke for an hour about her eventful life. Although she never touched on politics, she mentioned in passing that her family was related to the family of Mohammad Mossadegh, who served as prime minister of Iran for twenty-six months in the early 1950s and was overthrown in a coup d'etat staged by the Central Intelligence Agency.

After she finished speaking, I couldn't resist the temptation to ask a question. "You mentioned Mossadegh," I said. "What do you remember, or what can you tell us, about the coup against him?" She immediately became agitated and animated.

"Why did you Americans do that terrible thing?" she cried out. "We always loved America. To us, America was the great country, the perfect country, the country that helped us while other countries were exploiting us. But after that moment, no one in Iran ever trusted the United States again. I can tell you for sure that if you had not done that thing, you would never have had that problem of hostages being taken in your embassy in Tehran. All your trouble started in 1953. Why, why did you do it?"

This outburst reflected a great gap in knowledge and understanding...
--Stephen Kinzer

* * * 

Sadly, we have seemingly countless gaps in our knowledge and understanding, but this doesn't seem to stop us from expressing strong opinions on almost everything. Becoming aware of our limitations ought to make us exercise a little more humility before we speak, shouldn't it?

Flashback Friday: Deserted Cities of the Web

I don't recall precisely when I got my first Goldstar modem to link my Mac to the various worlds beyond my home town. The World Wide Web did not yet exist. But there were communities forming, via chat rooms on America Online (AOL) other networks, and I was exploring them. It was a year or two before the WWW emerged, accessible first with Mosaic, then later that year with Netscape. AOL was only a fledgling then with a million members or less when I first took the name ennyman as my handle.

What I do recall is how invigorating it all was. There were chat rooms for everything, from writing and art to favorite authors, music, politics of all stripes, cars, history interests of all types, and on and on.

I taught a few writing "classes" in a chat room there where people typed "clap clap clap clap" at the end. I also did research on the series of articles I authored for The Senior Reporter exploring the issue of ethical issues in terminal health care.

Essentially, these forums enabled the development of short term or long term communities of people from anywhere in the world, if connected to the Web. One of these "communities" that I participated in included a former member of the '60's psychedelic band Strawberry Alarm Clock. I forget now the theme that gave our group coherence, remembering only that we existed for a space of time.

The internet as we know it today has fostered innumerable numbers of such communities over the years. Sometime around eighteen years ago I became part of a Ning community that shared art. The site became a means of not only seeing the work of artists in other countries but fodder for blog content.

Social media platforms like Facebook advanced the sense of community possibilities as well.  After our 2011 Red Interactive show as part of Phantom Galleries - Superior, John Heino and I created a Red Interactive "community" on Facebook in which friends and participants were encouraged to share art and photography featuring the site's red theme. Red Interactive had a lot of energy initially, but over time the energy from this initial momentum subsided and the center of the community dissipated.

Around 2012 ago Twin Ports Arts Align was formed with more ambitious aims. The local nature of this online community included face-to-face meetings on a regular basis. But what I noticed after a few years was a slacking off in participation, and the feeling I got was that another community was evaporating.

The internet has often been compared to the Wild West and the metaphor seems to hold. There were territories to be settled, rules laid out, and an influx of people driven together by various passions, whether to
explore the unknown, make money through commercial endeavors, or to meet people with shared interests. And like the West, there are ghost towns everywhere, places where a community once thrived and now all that is left are abandoned homesteads.

While listening to an old Cream CD the song "Deserted Cities of the Heart" was playing and I couldn't help but think of all these deserted communities on the web. 

Around ten years ago the web was changing yet again. The big buzz was around the idea of content. "Content is king" seemed to be some kind of Holy Grail in the realm of marketing your goods and services. However, making content became so easy that we created a new problem. There's far more content than there is demand for it. In other words, as one B2B marketing spokesperson notes, "the supply of content is growing, but the demand is static."

Is this what happened to all those communities? Initially they promise something but to what end? When it is easy to belong, it is equally easy to disengage.

Maybe an online town comes and goes because the reason for its existence is unclear.

Or maybe there's something happening but many of the community members would rather lurk than contribute. I mean, we live in a culture where the actors are few and the fans are many. Have television, theater and sporting events turned us into a nation of passive viewers as opposed to active players? Then it should come as no surprise when the same thing happens online, for the cyber-world simply mirrors what is taking place in our "real" world.

What do you think?

Originally shared in June 2015, updated June 2025.

Seven Anecdotes from the 1963 Roy Orbison/Beatles Tour

Orbison in 1987

Tuesday, when I wrote about Tim Hatfield's When We Find Ourselves In Times of Trouble, an anecdote came to mind related to Roy Orbison when he toured England with The Beatles in 1963. Naturally this sent me on a search to find and share it. It didn't take long to find what I had recalled. It was also fun to find some additional memorable gems.

When I was young, I did not immediately take to Roy Orbison. I put him in a box with all those other 50s stars who seemed from a different era--guys like Elvis (whose B-movies were silly to me), Jerry Lee Lewis (who married his 13-year-old cousin) and (I'm sorry) Johnny Cash. Over time, however, I heard stories about Orbison's influence. For example, Bruce Springsteen said he learned how to write songs from Roy during a 15 hour ride in the back of a truck. In the 90s I myself eventually came under his spell. Yes, I was late to the party, but that cat could sing.

Here are seven short stories from that 1963 tour that speak volumes. For context, the Beatles' U.S. tour began in early 1964.

Orbison’s Initial Bewilderment: “What’s a Beatle?”
When Brian Epstein, the Beatles’ manager, invited Roy Orbison to tour with the band, Orbison reportedly asked, “What’s a Beatle?” Fresh off hits like “Only the Lonely” (1960), “Crying” (1961), and “In Dreams” (1963), Orbison was a major star in the UK but unfamiliar with the Fab Four’s quirky name and Mersey Beat style. His fan club president wrote to him, explaining that the Beatles were No. 1 in England and the tour would boost his exposure. The rapid cultural shift toward Beatlemania--and the British Invasion that followed--caught even established artists off guard.

Orbison’s Sunglasses Become Iconic

Orbison 1965

Orbison’s trademark dark sunglasses, now synonymous with his persona, were cemented during this tour. Due to poor vision (hyperopia, astigmatism, and strabismus), Orbison relied on corrective lenses. He had lost his regular glasses on a flight to Alabama before the tour and performed in prescription sunglasses. In England, he continued wearing them onstage because he hadn’t replaced his regular pair yet. Photos from the tour appeared in newspapers, and his management embraced the look, making it a permanent fixture. This accidental style choice shaped Orbison’s enigmatic image, contrasting with the Beatles’ youthful, clean-cut appearance. The takeaway: chance events can define a public persona.

Orbison Silences Screaming Beatles Fans
I thought this to be an impressive story. Each night, Orbison faced roaring crowds of Beatles fans clamoring for their idols. To counter this, he ingeniously instructed his band to play the opening song very softly, forcing the audience to hush to hear him. Once quiet, Orbison captivated them with his powerful three-octave voice and emotional ballads like “Crying” or “In Dreams.” 

George Harrison recalled standing backstage, listening to Orbison perform encore after encore, thinking, “How are we going to follow this?” Ringo Starr was more blunt: “It was terrible, following Roy. He’d slay them and they’d scream for more.” In Glasgow, the crowd chanted “We want Roy!” so fervently that John Lennon and Paul McCartney physically held Orbison back to prevent more encores, allowing the Beatles to take the stage. 

This is the anecdote that I was looking for initially, showcasing Orbison’s commanding stage presence and the Beatles’ anxiety as they navigated their ascent, revealing the tension between established talent and emerging stardom.

By way of contrast, it brings to mind a story about Jimi Hendrix opening for the Monkees. In Jimi's first U.S. road tour his band was the opening act for a Monkees tour. During the 8th show Hendrix couldn't take it any more and walked off the stage mid-act as the teeny-boppers screamed for their TV stars. 

Songwriting Rivalry on the Tour Bus

The tour bus became a creative battleground where Orbison’s songwriting sparked friendly competition with the Beatles. Paul McCartney recalled watching Orbison at the back of the bus, strumming his guitar and crafting songs like “Pretty Woman” (released in 1964). McCartney said, “He would play us his song, and we’d say, ‘Oh, it’s great, Roy. Have you just written that?’ But we’d be thinking, ‘We have to have something as good.’” 

This rivalry inspired McCartney to begin composing “All My Loving” on the bus, later refining it on a venue’s piano. John Lennon, influenced by Orbison’s earnest delivery, modeled “Please Please Me” (released 1963) on Orbison’s “Only the Lonely,” though it was sped up for the final recording. Orbison’s presence pushed the Beatles to elevate their craft, contributing to their early songwriting evolution. It also reflects the collaborative yet competitive spirit of the early 1960s music scene.

Jellybeans Pelt the Beatles
Beatlemania was in full swing, and fans expressed their fervor uniquely. After George Harrison mentioned in an interview that he liked jellybeans (likely jelly babies in the UK), fans began pelting the Beatles with them onstage. During the tour, the band was bombarded nightly, with jellybeans raining down as they performed hits like “Twist and Shout” and “I Saw Her Standing There.” This became a hallmark of their 1963 performances, both painful and amusing, as the candies stung when thrown with force.

Nevada Bob Gordon, a Seattle police officer in the 60s, has some fun stories about when he was assigned to protect the Beatles at their Seattle concert on their first U.S. tour in '64. The jelly bean bombardment evidently followed them to America it seems, as he reports in this account of that night: Nevada Bob Meets The Beatles and 14,000 Screaming Beatles Fans.

Orbison’s Amplifiers from Jim Marshall
A lesser-known but significant moment involved Jim Marshall, founder of Marshall Amplifiers. During the tour, Marshall gave Orbison two amplifiers, which were later shipped to the U.S., becoming the first Marshall amps in America. This gesture reflects Orbison’s influence as a respected artist, bridging UK and U.S. music scenes. For the Beatles, who later used Marshall amps extensively, this moment foreshadowed their adoption of cutting-edge equipment to amplify their sound amid screaming crowds. It also underscores the tour’s role in connecting musical technologies across continents.

Backstage Bonding and Lifelong Friendship

Despite the competitive undertones, the tour fostered genuine friendship. A backstage photo from May 1, 1963, shows the Beatles, Orbison, and Gerry and the Pacemakers posing together, with Ringo visibly thrilled to be near Orbison, his idol. The Beatles admired Orbison’s voice and songwriting, having covered his “Dream Baby” in a 1962 BBC radio performance. Orbison, in turn, was impressed by their energy and encouraged them to tour the U.S., though he declined to manage their 1964 American tour due to scheduling conflicts. 

This bond later culminated in George Harrison inviting Orbison to join the Traveling Wilburys in 1988, alongside Bob Dylan, Tom Petty, and Jeff Lynne. According to Orbison’s son, Roy Jr., Harrison knelt humbly to ask Orbison to join, a gesture of deep respect. Their mutual admiration transcended the tour’s rivalry, shaping long-term collaborations.

Sources:
KUTX 98.9--This week in Texas music history
Beatles Anthology
with a little help from ChatGT

Edward R Murrow: Still Relevant as Ever

Murrow, at CBS. Public domain.

“The obscure we see eventually. The completely obvious, it seems, takes longer.”
—Edward R. Murrow

After watching Good Night and Good Luck again recently, I dug up some of Edward R. Murrow's pithy insights on media, politics and public responsibility. (EdNote: With help from Wikiquote and ChatGPT.) 

Murrow (1908-1965) was a major influence in the early years of broadcast journalism. He cut his teeth as a war correspondent and was highly respected amongst his peers. His influence grew with the influence of television in the 1950's, due chiefly to his courage and his integrity.

Like Mencken, Chesterton and many others, his observations remain wholly relevant and timeless.

* * * 

 

Is it not possible that an unruly head of hair, an infectious smile, eyes that seem remarkable for the depths of their sincerity, a cultivated air of authority, may attract huge television audiences regardless of the violence that may be done to truth or objectivity?

--Murrow, Saturday Evening Post, 1949

* * * 

When the politicians complain that TV turns the proceedings into a circus, it should be made clear that the circus was already there, and that TV has merely demonstrated that not all the performers are well trained. --1959

* * * 

“We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty.”

A reminder that questioning authority or mainstream opinion is often a sign of civic strength, not betrayal—a message that resonates in polarized times. This quote brings to mind Bertrand Russell's "Free Thought and Official Propaganda" speech from a century ago.

* * * 

“A nation of sheep will beget a government of wolves.”

This is a warning against complacency and blind obedience. It speaks directly to issues of media literacy, discernment and civic engagement.

* * * 

“This instrument can teach, it can illuminate; yes, and it can even inspire. But it can do so only to the extent that humans are determined to use it to those ends.”

From his famous 1958 RTNDA speech about television, it is equally applicable to the internet and social media today.

* * * 

“The speed of communication is wonderful to behold. It is also true that speed can multiply the distribution of information that we know to be untrue.”

A prescient observation about the dangers of viral misinformation, decades before the internet and social media.

* * * 

“To be persuasive, we must be believable; to be believable, we must be credible; to be credible, we must be truthful.”

A framework for journalism, leadership, and public discourse—especially vital in an era of “fake news” accusations. Sadly, the lack of credibility of mainstream media was on full display in its coverup of Joe Biden's mental decline. How many times were we told he was "sharp as a tack"? The phony "weapons of mass destruction" justification for overthrowing Iraq in 2003 ought to have taught us something. Are we required to believe Iran is on the verge of having nukes just because our government and media tell us so?

“Difficulty is the excuse history never accepts.”

This is a reminder that passivity or inertia in the face of hard challenges—like injustice or censorship—won’t be vindicated by future generations. I think here of the Proverb, "The complacency of fools destroys them."

“Anyone who isn't confused doesn't really understand the situation.”

Murrow's dry wit was a hallmark of his reporting. Here he challenges us about the complexity of global or national crises—encouraging humility, not apathy.

“Good night, and good luck.”

Murrow's trademark sign-off.  Simple, sincere—and a quiet call for integrity in uncertain times.

Related Links
Edward R Murrow's "Wires and Lights in a Box"

Edward R Murrow Wikipedia page

Tim Hatfield's Beatles Tribute Now In Print: When We Find Ourselves in Times of Trouble

"When times are challenging we have to be intentional about being hopeful."
--Tim Hatfield

Just this past week I was in a discussion regarding our need for hope. The turbulence of these past 125 years has upended us in ways that have been unimaginable. 125 years ago the engine of progress seemed unstoppable. When Freud published The Interpretation of Dreams in 1900, he believed we were entering a new era of understanding about the mind. Modernism in every field of endeavor brought promises of hope, discovery and scientific progress. 

It wasn't long before the world's tectonic plates began trembling. Wars, pogroms, disease, revolutions, economic hardships, tyrants, famines, genocides and other kinds of devastation clawed our hearts and inflamed our fears. By the time the year of Covid hit, you might feel we were accustomed to surprises. But no, as we hunkered down, we really weren't ready yet again. 

It is within this context that Tim Hatfield began taking a deeper dive into the Beatles song catalog, uncovering messages of hope that he could share with friends via email. Each day, a new song, with personal insights and impressions. 

As he shared these, many of his friends shared them with other friends so that it became an ever-expanding circle. In the end, it became an eBook, with links to every song. Today is is now itself a book that you can hold in your hands, titled When We Find Ourselves in Times of Trouble: The Beatles (All their songs with encouraging words for challenging times)

Tim Hatfield is a lifelong Beatles fan. His book highlights all the songs of the Beatles, from their earliest demos to Abbey Road and 10 “Bonus Tracks.” 

A unique feature of the book is that readers can point and click a QR code to listen to each song and read the back story for each. The book was inspired by the author’s love of rock and roll and special love of the Beatles’ music, but specifically by his desire to help people cope with the uncertainty and anxiety of the Covid pandemic. 

What became clear during almost a year of notes to a large group of family and friends is that the music of the Beatles could be a potent gift to a person during any challenging time in their life -- a brief uplifting respite from stress and worry. Each song was accompanied by its back story, often some historical perspective with other artists, and a brief gentle reminder to persevere through a difficult time. The music of the Beatles can, indeed, be life-giving during a national crisis or any personally difficult time – our times of trouble.

One of the songs, "Flying," was a tribute to a mutual friend who has now passed. Though this link in the chain is missing, Tim and I are now connected.

 

HOW TO ORDER

Direct link to www.amazon.com

then search Tim Hatfield Beatles

Only $18.99. 

HERE’S WHAT YOU GET

* Hear every Beatles song with a simple point and click on a QR code

* Read the back story for each song

* Hear covers and related songs by other artists

* Watch videos of special performances

* Learn about Beatles connections with Dylan, Little Richard, Roy Orbison, Carl Perkins, The Byrds, the Beach Boys, and others

 

About the Author

Tim Hatfield, Ph. D, is a lifelong Beatles fan. Educated in the Norwood, Ohio, Public Schools, Harvard, and the University of Minnesota, he retired from a career as a school counselor in Illinois and Massachusetts and spent 30 years as a counselor educator at Winona State University. He lives in Minnesota with his spouse Susan. They have four children and four grandchildren.

Related Link 

A Visit with Tim Hatfield, Author of an Uplifting Book Featuring the Beatles Catalog in Its Entirety

Legacy Thoughts

The desire to leave something of ourselves to bear witness that we once were here, that our actions had significance beyond our own time, that's legacy. Leaving a legacy helps us feel our lives mattered.

For those who are religious or spiritually inclined, leaving a legacy may be tied to values of stewardship, duty, or faith, living in accordance with our divine purpose. If we don't live it ourselves, how else can we believe that our values will be passed on?

For those who have gathered earthly goods, what value do they have at the end? Parents naturally want to provide for their children, but this (legacy thinking) also extends to shaping the kind of world future generations will inherit. You can't take it with you. Legacy is a way to teach and guide, even after one's death. 

Don't wait till autumn leaves begin to fall. 

Ed the Zebra: Tennessee’s Striped Superstar Takes a Bow

CBS and others shared footage of Ed's capture.

After a week of galloping through Tennessee like he was auditioning for a Hollywood blockbuster, Ed the runaway zebra has finally been caught. The four-legged fugitive, who turned Rutherford County into his personal safari, was nabbed on June 8, 2025, and airlifted back to reality in a helicopter rescue that deserves its own Oscar for drama.

Recommended soundtrack for this film, should it materialize: "Tennessee Stud."

Ed kicked off his adventure by slipping out of his owner’s grasp just hours after arriving from Texas. He seems to have been spotted everywhere—sprinting down Interstate 24, photobombing neighborhood Ring cameras, and no doubt inspiring a few “zebra crossing” jokes. As one X user put it, Ed was “living his best life,” oblivious to the chaos he caused. Another user suggested he’s ready for a sequel, predicting, “I’m positive he’ll do it again.”  

The Rutherford County Sheriff’s Office, armed with drones, trail cameras, and a K-9 unit, chased the striped celebrity speedster for 5+ days. Tranquilizers were useless against Ed’s thick skin. This zebra wasn’t going down without a fight.

On Sunday, Ed was finally cornered in a pasture near Buchanan Estates, where he was netted like a scene from Jurassic Park. Then, in a plot twist nobody saw coming, Ed was airlifted out by helicopter.

X users have had a field day with Ed’s escapade. One called it a “trip to follow,” declaring Tennessee “better for this experience.” Another suggested recruiting Ed for some kind of animal Avengers team, because who wouldn’t want this legend on their squad? As one might expect, there were plenty of memes. Ed’s adventure sparked an internet frenzy, with AI-generated images and enough social media buzz to make any influencer jealous. One image has Ed wearing a cardboard sign, "Homeless. Anything Helps."  Another has him eating breakfast at a Waffle House. 

Local businesses are incorporating him into their advertisements. One has him at a local chiropractor's clinic. Another at a hair salon.

One newscaster suggested his story might make a good children's book some day. 

So, here’s to Ed, the zebra who turned Tennessee into his playground and reminded us all to run wild while we can. He’s back with his owner now, probably munching hay and plotting his next great escape. 

As one X user wisely noted, “Let’s all be a little like ED!” Or as another wrote, "Go, Ed, go!" 

Sources: CBS News, X posts

A Writing Lesson from General Eisenhower's D-Day Directive

On this day 81 years ago, the Allied invasion of Normandy began—turning the tide of World War II. In his stirring address to the troops, General Dwight D. Eisenhower declared, “The free men of the world are marching together to Victory!” Let’s take a moment to remember their bravery and what they fought for.

Planning for this Normandy beachhead began years earlier. The Allied leader knew that to be won, an invasion force must be transported to the Continent. In February 1944 that day would be coming soon and Gen. Eisenhower began drafting his official directive to the troops being amassed for this mission, ultimately numbering 2,876,000 soldiers by May.  

For me, one takeaway from this document is that the more important something is, the more time you must dedicate to getting every word right. Note the tone, the emphasis on the importance of the mission and what the Allied Expeditionary Forces were up against. It's aim was to inspire courage and heroic sacrifice. It was a remarkable moment in history with something real at stake, a day worth remembering.

SUPREME HEADQUARTERS
ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE

Soldiers, Sailors, and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force!

You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hope and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world.

Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened. He will fight savagely.

But this is the year 1944! Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of 1940-41. The United Nations have inflicted upon the Germans great defeats, in open battle, man-to-man. Our air offensive has seriously reduced their strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the ground. Our Home Fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in weapons and munitions of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves of trained fighting men. The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory!

I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full Victory!

Good luck! And let us beseech the blessing of Almighty God upon this great and noble undertaking.

[Endorsement]

* * * 

For more about this directive and moment in history, visit this link to the National Archives.