Monday, April 7, 2025

Help Support West Duluth's Theater Revival

Duluth’s theatrical history is steeped in rich traditions, with iconic venues like The West Theater and The Alhambra Theater standing as cultural beacons in the community. These historic landmarks not only drew audiences from across the region but also became deeply woven into the social fabric of Duluth.

  Built in 1937, The West Theater was a stunning example of Art Deco architecture. It became a popular gathering spot for movie lovers and community members alike. With the changing tides of the entertainment industry and urban development, however, the theater was forced to close its doors in 1976. After decades of dormancy, The West Theater was triumphantly revived in 2019, bringing back its historical charm while serving a new generation of arts and culture enthusiasts.

The Alhambra. Circa 1913
  Similarly, The Alhambra Theater—famed for its lavish design and opulent interior—was a space where vaudeville acts and films transported audiences into worlds of imagination and creativity. While it, too, faced challenges from modern entertainment trends--shuttering with the advents of "talkies"-- the efforts to restore this gem are nearly complete.

  These restorations are more than just architectural projects. They represent the preservation of Duluth’s artistic legacy and the rekindling of community spirit. With The West Theater restored and The Alhambra’s renovation nearing completion, these venues will once again offer spaces where art, performance, and culture thrive.

  By supporting the revival of these theaters, future generations can experience the magic of live performances and cinematic history, keeping Duluth’s cultural heart beating strong.


Help Support West Duluth’s Theatre Revival

The West Theatre is a unique establishment offering movies and entertainment for the community. The Alhambra offers a unique theatre experience as well as entertainment in a beautifully restored venue.


The Alhambra restoration is nearly complete. Located in the heart of West Duluth at 321 N. Central Ave., the theater is on the cusp of reopening, thanks to the dedication and vision of its current owner Bob Boone, and a host of volunteers. To complete the project Boone is offering the following incentives for contributors:


Visionary - Save A Seat $2500/year (or $220 per month)
•  Exclusive newsletter with member recognition on our website.
• Access to purchase tickets during member pre-sales*
• Occasional discounted event tickets.
• Members-only monthly screening.
• Two admissions to West Night, a members only appreciation night
• Four pairs of movie passes.
* Four certificates, each good for a pair of drinks.
• Two tickets to your choice of our special events
• Occasional meet and greet opportunities
* Film party for you and twenty of your friends. (Upon scheduling availability)
• Discounted theater rentals. (Save $350)
* Locally crafted coffee mug
* Pair of custom T-shirts
* Personal Marquee Message
* Annual Unlimited Film Pass For Two
• Name engraved on a brass plate on a seat at The Alhambra.
 
Directors Circle - Save A Seat   $1000/year (or $88 per month)
 
• Exclusive newsletter with member recognition on our website.
• Access to purchase tickets during member pre-sales*
• Occasional discounted event tickets.
• Members-only monthly screening.
• Two admissions to West Night, a members only appreciationn night
• Four pairs of movie passes.
* Four certificates, each good for a pair of drinks.
• Two tickets to your choice of our special events
• Occasional meet and greet opportunities
* Film party for you and twenty of your friends. (Upon scheduling availability)
• Discounted theater rentals. (Save $350)
* Locally crafted coffee mug
* Pair of custom T-shirts
• Name engraved on a brass plate on a seat at The West.
 
Icon $500/year (or $44 per month)
• Exclusive newsletter with member recognition on our website.
• Access to purchase tickets during member pre-sales*
• Occasional discounted event tickets.
• Members-only monthly screening.
• Two admissions to West Night, a members only appreciation night
• Three pairs of movie passes.
• Two tickets to your choice of our special events
• Occasional meet and greet oopportunities
* Film party for you and fifteen of your friends. (Upon scheduling availability)
• Discounted theater rentals. (Save $200)
* Locally crafted coffee mug
* Pair of custom T-shirts
 
Leading Role $250/year (or $22 per month)
• Exclusive newsletter with member recognition on our website.
• Access to purchase tickets during member pre-sales*
• Occasional discounted event tickets.
• Members-only monthly screening.
* Two admissions to West Night, a members only appreciation night
• Two pairs of movie passes.
* Film party for you and ten of your friends. (Upon scheduling availability)*
* Locally crafted coffee mug
 
Supporting Cast Membership $100/year (or $9 per month)
• Exclusive newsletter with member recognition on our website.
• Access to purchase tickets during member pre-sales*
• Occasional discounted event tickets.
• Members-only monthly screening.
* Two admissions to West Night, a members only appreciation night
• One pair of movie passes.
 
DETAILS DETAILS DETAILS
* Benefit packages will be mailed directly to members.
* The West and Alhambra are not a 501 C3 non-profit. (In theory, anyway)
* Film parties include private use of our Black Lounge, viewing of a scheduled current film, and free pop and popcorn for you and your guests.
Licensing fees will incur if you want to show your favorite film. There may be a fee if scheduled outside normal operating hours.


MAKE A DIFFERENCE.

TAKE THE NEXT STEP HERE:




https://www.thewesttheatre.com/

Saturday, April 5, 2025

In What Way Was John Glenn the Last American Hero?

Alice George titled her book The Last American Hero: The Remarkable Life of John Glenn to reflect her view of Glenn as a singular figure in American history—a man whose life embodied a heroic ideal that she believes has faded from the national consciousness. In her portrayal, Glenn isn’t just a hero for his feats as a fighter pilot, astronaut, and senator, but a symbol of a bygone era when Americans embraced real, flawed individuals as icons of courage and service. She suggests that his 1962 orbit of Earth, his steady character, and his lifelong dedication to public duty made him a unifying figure during a fractious time, like the Cold War and the turbulent 1960s—a role she argues is rare in today’s cynical age.

George doesn’t explicitly dissect the title in the book, but her narrative implies a nostalgia for a time when figures like Glenn could capture the public’s imagination without being torn down by modern skepticism. In interviews around the book’s 2020 release, she noted how Glenn’s death in 2016 prompted obituaries that universally hailed him as heroic, striking her as a contrast to a culture quick to spotlight flaws over valor. She seems to propose that Glenn might be “the last” because society now favors fictional superheroes over flesh-and-blood ones, a shift she ties to a loss of faith in human potential amid scandals and division. The title’s provocative edge—implying no successors—challenges readers to consider whether such heroes can still emerge, or if Glenn’s mold, forged in a specific American moment, is truly broken.


The book brought to mind two other books I've read in recent years, the first being The Last BoyJane Leavy's book about Mickey Mantle. "The Sports Illustrated journalist titled her story The Last Boy because sports journalism was moving into a new era. Up till Mantle, the innocence of our heroes was preserved because of the unwritten rule that journalists protect the privacy of person's of importance. They helped maintain the images that had been carefully crafted.


"Leavy essentially states that at a certain moment in time a shift occurred. Up until then, if you revealed what you knew about a player, you were bad. You were slapped on the wrist and sent to your room without supper. Post-Mantle, in the new era of sports journalism, if you failed to reveal something you knew, you were punished. Writers were no longer permitted to conceal. It was their job to reveal."(1)


In both books, the authors use a singular iconic figure to illustrate how journalism in particular, and the broader culture in general, have changed.


The second book that came to mind was Ghost Burglar, by Jim King and Jack Burch. Ghost Burglar is the story of Bernard Welch, one of the most successful thieves in U.S. history, as well a surprisingly witty prison escapee, with two such exits under his belt. 


The book does an excellent job of showing the education of Bernard Welch, how he learned his trade and how he’d become so elusive. How did he end up with a home, including a sauna and indoor pool, in one of Duluth's most elite neighborhoods? That was a lesson he learned from an incident earlier in his career. He was an east coast crook, rich neighborhoods from Jersey to D.C., but he got caught because 200 miles away is still too near when fencing stolen goods. During his first stint in prison he assessed the mistakes he'd made and refined his methods. One of these was how to put his stolen merchandise back into the market and he settled on an unsuspecting community a thousand miles away.(2)


The reason this latter book came to mind is because one of the homes Bernard Welch robbed was that of John Glenn's. There were awards Glenn had received for his achievements, made of gold, which the burglar stole and melted down for resale. 


Though each of these books tell different tales, it's interesting how they also intersect and reveal things about the times we live in.


(1) The Shifting Tides of Sports Journalism

(2) Ghost Burglar

Related Link
Eight Minutes with Jack Burch and Jim King, Co-Authors of Ghost Burglar

Friday, April 4, 2025

Flies Won't Mate in a Petri Dish

Creative Commons 2.0
Sometime this past week, one of the articles I was reading--and I can't recall which or where or by whom--included this sentence: "Flies won't mate in a petri dish." For some reason the statement was so unusual and intriguing that I scribbled it down and typed it into a "Notes" file. 

A few days later I noticed that I had included several paragraphs of text. Was this a cut-and-paste from the article or were they my own original words? The beginning of a blog post or a story? I knew that the last part came from my own observations about sterile work environments. However, rather than be guilty of plagiarism I decided instead to turn the core elements of the article into a poem, smitten by an urge to create.

                     * * * * * 

Flies Won’t Mate in a Petri Dish

Beneath the hum of sterile light,

Gleams a petri dish, cold and tight—

A cage of glass, pristine, severe,

With trapped flies buzzing there in fear.


Wings slice air, iridescent, bold,

Even so, no courtship dance unfolds.

No rot, no breeze, no wild decay,

Just a void where instincts fray.  


Dr. Voss, standing mute with trembling hand,

Dreams of strains of fly she’s deftly planned—

Glowing genes, a perfect breed,

But the flies defy her sterile creed.


“Too clean,” she sighs, “too pure, too still,”

Chaos, not order, spurs their will.

In meadows rank with ferment’s call,

They’d mate—not here, they scorn the wall.  


With a sprinkle of mold and a desperate plea,

Antennae twitch, the flies dance with glee.

The dish, once tyrant, hums alive,

Proving life in mess will always thrive.


Utopians chase their polished dream,

A world too smooth, a muted gleam—

Like flies, we shun the sealed design,

For in the stink, the soul aligns.  


Office tombs with all their windows shut,

Oppress the heart, the spirit cut.

Perfection falters, hollow, bare,

While struggle breeds what’s raw and rare.


From petri prisons to grand ideals,

The flawed, the real, is the thing that heals—

Flies and men, in chaos free,

Find love where life is meant to be.  


                    * * * * *

Thursday, April 3, 2025

Throwback Thursday: Everythng Is Broken

"It's nice to be known as a legend, and people will pay to see one, but for most people, once is enough. You have to deliver the goods." ~ Bob Dylan, Chronicles

Maybe one reason some people like Dylan is simply because of the durability of his career. Like the Energizer Bunny he just keeps going. Like the Cinderella Man he keeps coming back.

Yesterday I noted that John Hinchey called John Wesley Harding "the comeback of comeback albums." Others have hailed Blood on the Tracks as Dylan's great comeback, and it certainly was an exceptional album after the early Seventies period that produced the critically dissed Self-Portrait, Dylan and Planet Waves. When Dylan released Time Out of Mind in 1997 it was yet another comeback level achievement, winning a Grammy and receiving flurries of critical acclaim. His Never Ending Tour had been on the road nearly ten years, but now people were beginning to notice.

I don't recall many people calling his Gospel Period a comeback, though Slow Train Coming is a superfine album for its production values, cohesiveness and earnestness. Songs like "Serve Somebody" and "Precious Angel" are written in the old Dylanesque style but with a new born-again sensibility. You don't fake the emotion he conveys in "I Believe In You."

The comeback I wanted to talk about this morning, though, occurred in 1989 with the release of Oh Mercy. Rolling Stone gave the album high marks and I remember wondering if that was only because they're so predisposed to liking Dylan. Still, I bought the vinyl and continue to listen to it to this day.

Oh Mercy was hailed as a comeback, not just because it had songs noticeably more meaningful than anything Bob Dylan had recently released, but because Daniel Lanois' production gave it cohesion. There was cohesion on Empire Burlesque, of course, but that cohesion was a little too slick, a little too commercial, whereas this record was filled with atmospheric, hazy production -- a sound as arty as most assumed the songs to be. And Dylan followed suit, giving Lanois significant songs -- palpably social works, love songs, and poems -- that seemed to connect with his past. And, at the time, this production made it seem like the equivalent of his '60s records, meaning that its artiness was cutting edge, not portentous. ~Stephen Thomas Erlewine

In Dylan's Chronicle: Volume One, he devotes an entire chapter to this period of new fertility when Oh Mercy was birthed. Keep in mind that the book is only five chapters, so that's 20% of the book. The events of this time were important enough to dive into at length. 1987 was a difficult year because he's injured his hand in a freak accident that winter, and was scheduled to do 100 concerts beginning in the spring. It was also a difficult time because Dylan himself was not sure who he was. "There was a missing person inside of myself and I needed to find him."

Dylan states that he had not been writing songs for a while, but then the muse returned. He'd be sitting at a table and twenty-some verses for "Political World" flowed out from his pen. He placed these in a drawer, and they were soon joined by verses for a song called "What Good Am I?" More songs followed and he would see what their relationship would be to one another.

The reason I found Oh Mercy to be such a meaningful album is that it became clear that his "Gospel Phase" had not just been a phase. The heart of his spiritual experiences now seemed integrated naturally into a world view that was less about preaching, but true to a vision of how things are.

Another feature of Oh Mercy is that it is primarily slow songs, reflective and thoughtful songs. It's a nice album to put on at the end of the day when you want to unwind. The only two fast-paced pieces here are the kickoff opener, "Political World" and "Everything Is Broken". "Political World" just lays it out there, an indictment of how things work in our modern age. "Everything Is Broken" gets more specific. It's a "list song" on a theme. It's a broken world, "you'd better get that in your head." Perhaps formulaic stylistically, it makes a point.

This is not a new theme. It hearkens back to Hard Rain. It hearkens back to the Fall and humanity's exile from Paradise. And it implores us to be realistic about what we expect next.

Several songs give direction on this point. Don't catch the disease of conceit. Don't neglect the needy, forgotten and disenfranchised among us. And keep ringing them bells.

Everything Is Broken

Broken lines, broken strings
Broken threads, broken springs
Broken idols, broken heads
People sleeping in broken beds
Ain’t no use jiving
Ain’t no use joking
Everything is broken

Broken bottles, broken plates
Broken switches, broken gates
Broken dishes, broken parts
Streets are filled with broken hearts
Broken words never meant to be spoken
Everything is broken

Seem like every time you stop and turn around
Something else just hit the ground

Broken cutters, broken saws
Broken buckles, broken laws
Broken bodies, broken bones
Broken voices on broken phones
Take a deep breath, feel like you’re chokin'
Everything is broken

Every time you leave and go off someplace
Things fall to pieces in my face

Broken hands on broken ploughs
Broken treaties, broken vows
Broken pipes, broken tools
People bending broken rules
Hound dog howling, bullfrog croaking
Everything is broken

Copyright © 1989 by Special Rider Music

Wednesday, April 2, 2025

Duluth Art Beat: AJ Atwater's One Day Fine Art Estate Sale Is April 12


Abstraction 30 -- 36"x 48"

IN TEN DAYS Duluth artist AJ Atwater will debut 130 New York City and Lake Superior original abstract acrylic paintings at the AJ Atwater Fine Art Estate Sale Saturday, April 12 from 11AM-4PM. AJ Atwater Art will be on display in six galleries at 4701 Cooke Street, Duluth. Atwater calls it "the cream of the cream" of her painting collection.


Here are a few of the pieces that will be on display. You can check out my interview with the artist here at the Duluth Reader website: AJ Atwater’s big canvas blowout: Duluth Meets Manhattan.


Fog -- 16"x 20"
Still Life with Oval -- 16"x 20"
Yellow Series 2 -- 24"x 30"
Red Series 6 -- 10"x 10"
Palisade Head -- 24"x 30"
The Artist: AJ Atwater
The more you engage, the more you see.
Sunshine and large windows make colors brght.
 

 “Lake Superior is my Manhattan” ~ AJ Atwater


Related Links

AJ Atwater and PROJECT 30/30 

Virtual Reality Meets Virtual Gallery: AJ Atwater's 400 Paintings


Tuesday, April 1, 2025

Broken Promises, Stolen Lands: The Shame of the Trail of Tears

This past weekend the Karpeles Manuscript Library Museum in Duluth finished hosting an exhibit titled "Man's Inhumanity Towards Man," featuring sections on violence, religious oppression, slavery, treaties, and inequality. There are so many heartbreaking chapters in human history, with this collection touching but a portion. The invention of the guillotine and its use during the Reign of Terror during the Frech Revolution is but one example of what humans are capable of. A spotlight on the Manson family is similarly revealing. Both of these show what can happen when lawlessness runs amuck.

What sets the Trail of Tears apart from the episodes noted above is that it was initiated by our government, and enforced by our government. 

According to documents acquired by Karpeles, a soldier named John G. Burnett, a captain in Abraham McClellan's company who was assigned to help translate on the Trail of Tears, recorded his memories of the Trail on his 80th birthday. He refers to the Trail as the "most brutal order in the History of American Warfare."

While his recorded memories provide many deeply moving and personal details from the Trail, the weather is perhaps the brutal element of the Trail that he refers to the most. In May of 1838, the Cherokee were rounded up and put into stockades in Cleveland, Tennessee, until October of that year, when they finally began the Trail. This means that they completed the thousand-mile journey in the dead of winter. As Burnett remembers, many were forced to walk in bare feet with only the thinnest blankets for warmth as the sleet and snow fell on them. Due to the cold and exposure, many contracted illnesses like pneumonia and died as a result.


Click to enlarge.
Having read a few books on this unfortunate chapter of our history, one of the things that stands out is that many of these native peoples had already been assimilated into American culture. They were second generation Americans with land, homes and bank accounts.  

Why was it done? Land and power. White settlers coveted the fertile Southeast, especially after gold was found in Georgia in 1829. The Indian Removal Act of 1830, pushed by President Andrew Jackson, codified this lust, framing it as “progress.” Southern states, eager to expand slavery and cotton, pressured the federal government to clear the way. It wasn’t ignorance—it was deliberate, a calculated ethnic cleansing sold as Manifest Destiny. The government knew the cost in lives and chose profit over principle, staining its legacy with a wound still felt today.

The Trail of Tears stands as a shameful chapter in U.S. history due to its brutal execution, the betrayal of trust, and the sheer scale of suffering it inflicted on Native American tribes, particularly the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole—the "Five Civilized Tribes." This forced relocation, spanning 1830 to 1850, saw over 60,000 people uprooted from their ancestral lands in the Southeast to desolate territory west of the Mississippi, in what’s now Oklahoma. The shame lies in the government’s callous disregard for human lives, broken promises, and the naked greed driving it all.


What made it so egregious? First, the conditions: thousands—estimates range from 4,000 to 15,000—died from starvation, disease (cholera, dysentery), and exposure during treks of up to 1,200 miles, often in winter. Families were rounded up at gunpoint, homes burned, and livestock seized, with little time to gather belongings. Survivors recount children and elders collapsing on muddy trails, bodies left unburied. 


The Cherokee’s 1838-1839 march alone claimed around 4,000 lives, a quarter of their population. Second, it was a betrayal. Many of these tribes had adopted European ways—farming, literacy, even Christianity—and signed treaties guaranteeing their lands. The U.S. Supreme Court, in Worcester v. Georgia (1832), ruled these treaties valid, yet President Andrew Jackson ignored the decision, famously quipping, “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it.”


Monday, March 31, 2025

The Gift of Pain: Dancing with the Unwelcome Messenger

The following is a re-write (in my own words) of my brother Dr. Ron Newman's article, "Seeking Balance in Pain Management," which originally appeared in the Hammonton Gazette. Ron has more than three decades experience as a psychologist and international speaker.

Pain is a paradox. It’s this raw, electric jolt in your brain, a signal screaming that something’s off. But here’s the twist: it’s also a gift. Without pain, we’d be clueless as our bodies broke down. Think of leprosy patients losing fingers to unnoticed cuts, or diabetics ignoring festering sores. Pain is the whistleblower, a friend who won’t shut up until you listen. Even phantom pain, the haunting of a missing limb, proves it’s not just flesh and bone. It really can be in your mind as well. 

In other words, pain is not just physical; it weaves through emotions, relationships, and the psyche too. Studies say psychological tricks can slash suffering by 25-30%, even 50-100% for some fortunate souls. So, what if we stopped fighting pain and started working with it? Here’s my brother's take on finding that balance—and why pain might just be the gift we never asked for.

Make Peace with the Messenger

Pain’s not the enemy—it’s the lookout. Without it, how would you know the stove’s hot or that a splinter’s digging in? It’s the same with emotional stabs—conflict, loss, regret—they point to what needs fixing. Befriend it. Let it guide you to the problem instead of just numbing it out. Next time your back aches or a fight stings, ask: what’s this telling me? It’s not here to ruin you; it’s here to save you.


Stare Down the Fear

Fear of pain is a beast—it grows when you dodge it. Therefore  Run too hard, and you’re sprinting straight into worse traps, like popping pills until you’re hooked. Face it instead. Let a little pain in—it keeps you real, humble, tethered to the dirt of life. It’s a signal, not a sentence. Ignoring it hands it the reins; confronting it keeps you in the driver’s seat.


Build Your Crew

Pain’s lighter with good people around. Lean on friends who get it—ones who listen, not lecture. Set boundaries on people who are demanding, the manipulators, or anyone peddling quick fixes that land you in deeper muck. Professional help or a wise friend can be gold here. You don’t have to carry it solo—God wired us for connection.


Toss the Blame Game

Forget “karma” or anyone smugly saying you earned this. That junk—your pain’s payback for some cosmic debt—just buries you in shame and helplessness. It’s not about past lives or ancestral curses; it’s about now. This type of thinking makes one feel more hopeless, powerless and passive. Reject it. It's the complete opposite of how you want to approach the issue at hand.  


Accept Responsibility

You’re not powerless. Take the wheel. If exercise and stretching helps, do it.  No one’s spoon-feeding you solutions—you’ve got to step up. Self-mastery isn’t sexy; it’s sweat and choice. But it’s where the gift starts shining—you’re not just surviving pain, you’re taking control.


Find the Good Stuff

Gratitude is a game-changer. Norman Cousins laughed his way through a killer illness, proving that a positive attitude can outpunch despair. It's a well-worn maxim that says laughter is the best medicine. Pain’s loud, but gratitude’s louder. Notice the coffee’s warmth, the sunset’s glow, a kid’s giggle. It’s not denial—it’s defiance. You’re telling pain it doesn’t own the story.


Grieving Is Healthy

Pain often drags loss in its wake—a leg gone, youth fading, dreams dented. Grieve it. Don’t bottle it up or fake a smile. A vet mourning a missing limb or an old-timer missing their prime—they’ve got a right to that ache. Grieving’s not weakness; it’s the slow burn that clears the way for something new. All loss has an appropriate grief cycle which is important to accept.  Give yourself permission to experience grief.  It will bear fruit later.


Push Back

Sometimes pain’s a glitch—your brain misfiring long after the wound’s healed. Overuse painkillers, and it might scream louder. Challenge it. Tell yourself, “I’m whole,” and act like it. It’s not mind-over-matter nonsense; it’s rewiring the signal. And if you’re leaning on faith, call on that too—God has got a track record of turning scars into stories.


Live Life to the Full

Don’t let pain bench you. Get a massage. Belt out a song. Stare at a painting or a forest until it sinks in. Push the limits—not reckless, but bold. Pain might tag along, but it doesn’t get to call the shots. God still has a purpose for you. Live like it.


Feed Your Soul

There are many great stories and books worth reading that deal with things you may be going through. Here are a few that my brother recommended in his article:

Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand, where a POW outlasts hell.

Your Scars are Beautiful to God by Sharon Jaynes. 

The Problem of Pain by C.S. Lewis, wrestling with suffering’s "why" questions.

Even Lord of the Rings, with Frodo hauling that ring through Mordor. 

Watch films that lift you—tales of guts and grace, and overcoming. They’re not just stories; they’re fuel for the fight. Here are three that came to mind as I thought about these things: 127 Hours (James Franco) about a hiker trapped by a boulder in a remote canyon; The Pursuit of Happyness (Will Smith) about a homeless single father's battle to overcome poverty and rejection to become a stockbroker; The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, based on the memoir written by Jean-Dominique Bauby after a massive stroke in which he could move only one eyelid. All three are amazing true stories.

* * *

Pain can be a brutal gift, no question. But it’s also a teacher, a compass and a nudge toward something bigger. Balance isn’t killing it—it’s dancing with it. Acceptance and defiance, grace and grit. That’s where the magic hides. What’s your pain pointing you toward today?

Recommended Reading: 
Stigmata X, a poem by Terry Anderson, a journalist who was taken hostage in Beirut in the 1980's. When released after seven years he shared his story in a powerful book titled Den of Lions.


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